Text Messaging Enables New Kenyan Currency

Submitted by Rob Katz on July 14, 2005 - 08:55.
July 04, 2005 - 09:00, BBC News World Edition
Mutual Benefits of Profits from Poverty


Next time you take a taxi in Nairobi, you might not need cash to pay the fare. Instead, you’d text message the fare’s value in surplus mobile phone minutes to your cabbie using Safaricom’s pre-paid airtime cards. The model is similar to Smart Communications’, as first reported in a Digital Dividend What Works case study last summer. It targets low-income entrepreneurs and customers, who can use surplus minutes as an electronic currency of sorts – a currency more secure and traceable than cash. BBC reports:

Just the other day [Safaricom] unveiled a new service allowing subscribers to buy prepaid phone cards which then enable them to transfer any selected amount of surplus minutes to other subscribers, using text messaging. You can pay a supplier with it, or even create a little bank of phone call credits to sell to others. What [Safaricom] has actually done is to create a new currency -- a cyber currency that can be sent anywhere in the country at the press of a button, without needing a bank account or incurring high bank charges. You see what's happened: the mobile phone is multiplying its revolutionary impact on the lives of the poor, giving them facilities once available only to the rich.

Via WorldChanging. Thanks, Jeremy!
Submitted by Adam C on July 13, 2005 - 15:24.
Using cell phone minutes guards against inflation as well. Since the government does not control the supply of this currency, it is unlikely to be created at a rate that devalues the "minutes." Great to see.
Submitted by _S Stefanski on July 20, 2005 - 10:31.
With regards to the inflation observation, an argument can be made that it poses a greater risk to uncontrollable inflation than if credits are tied to currency. Here is the logic: As individuals accumulate value in the form of minutes as opposed to currency, the amount of currency can conceivably change overnight if phone companies adjust the pricing of minutes. This is a pretty common occurrence given competition and packaging plans. A lowering of per minute charges would lead to an increase in minutes purchased, thereby increasing currency in circulation which in many cases leads to inflation (too many "dollars" chasing too few goods). It also would have the sad effect of devaluing overnight any savings an individual has achieved in the form of minutes. The trouble is, these monetary levers are now out of the control of the central bank (unless you intend to nationalize telco properties). For this reason, central banks are generally ok with allowing alternative currency models, like minutes, survive for a period in an effort to promote more efficient market mechanisms (like text messaging payments), but as such a scenario grows it is likely to be minimized in terms of usage or made to convert to a currency backed system (I refer you to a great annual survey done by the Bank for International Settlements - www.bis.org). In the case of Smart Communications in the Philippines, yes you can trade or sell minutes to another individual directly, but those minutes are only good for 24 hours before they are deactivated. Scott Stefanski

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