I think the answer to the question, "Does a farmer need a pump or does he/she need a loan?" is not a trade-off question, but highlights the potential for combining different market-based mechanisms to raise accessibility and demand. It's possible that, given the availability of the right financial tools and customer education, a farmer may wish to take a loan to buy a pump. If this happens, it's evidence that the farmer, who knows exactly what his/her combination of risk and need is, sees the pump as a valuable tool to increase income over the long term. Microloans are, of course, only a means - new designs for the BoP can be both means and ends, but in themselves they are nothing if they cannot reach their target market.