Population Services International (PSI) is a nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C. that harnesses the vitality of the private sector to address the health problems of low-income and vulnerable populations in more than 60 developing countries. PSI achieves its mission principally through social marketing of family planning and health products and services, and behavior change communications.

"Do it the right way (no short-cuts); Be innovative; Execute with discipline." - Vikram Akula, founder of SKS Microfinance

SKS Microfinance empowers the poor to become economically self-reliant by providing financial services in a sustainable manner. Vikram Akula, the 37-year-old founder of SKS Microfinance, who was featured in Time’s list of 100 ‘People Who Shape Our World’, believes corporatising the NGO sector is a must for meaningful poverty alleviation programmes. “A for-profit business model is the fastest way to put more money into more poor hands,” he says.

Launched in 1998, SKS Microfinance is one of the fastest growing microfinance organizations in the world, having provided over $ 92 million (Rs 425 crores) and has maintained loans outstanding of $38 million(170 crores) in loans to nearly 320,000 women clients in poor regions of India. Borrowers take loans for a range of income-generating activities, including livestock, agriculture, trade (such as vegetable vending), and production (from basket weaving to pottery). SKS also offers interest-free loans for emergencies as well as life insurance to borrowers. Its affiliate, SKS Education, provides education services to poor children, including running a government-funded school for girls who have dropped out of school.

SKS currently has 138 microfinance branches in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, UP, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh. This year, SKS aims to reach 700,000 clients by March 2007. In the last year alone, SKS Microfinance has achieved nearly 161 % growth, with 98% on-time repayment rate.

For this American-educated Fulbright scholar, a for-profit business model is not about maximising profits. It’s about maximising resources. “It allows you to tap private funds, unlike NGOs, where you survive on grants. You are accountable to your shareholders and, thus, cannot develop bad habits. You become more client responsive and allow them to guide your business,” says Akula, echoing the thoughts expressed by Infosys CEO Nandan Nilekani, the only other Indian on the Time’s powerlist.

Set up in 1998 with a sum of Rs 20 lakh that Akula managed to raise from 360 individual donors, most of them friends and family in the US where he was brought up, today SKS has a capital base of Rs 13.9 crore.

It has private equity participation from Silicon Valley entrepreneurs like Vinod Khosla, Ravi Reddy and Sandeep Tungare. Sidbi, a public financial institution, holds 7% for a crore invested. However, its client community remains its largest shareholders.

Apart from having a fully-automated, proprietory management information system (MIS), it has pioneered the use of smart-card technology at the village-level. The MFI is currently working with VISA International on a pilot project to develop and deploy wireless POS devices that would automate field operations and reduce transaction costs.

Capetonian Roy Dibley runs his 1980s diesel Mercedes on used vegetable oil, collecting it from restaurants in and around Cape Town. Sometimes he pays for it (R1.50 a litre, which is its price as an additive to animal feed). Sometimes he gets it for nothing.

Dibley reckons it costs him about 50c a litre to filter it before he can put it in his tank - which explains the sticker on the rear of his Merc which announcess that he is running his car on fuel that costs R2 a litre, and that anyone interested in doing the same should ring his cellphone number.

Dibley is a qualified mechanical engineer who designs, builds and sells conversion kits for diesel engines to run on vegetable oil (after filtering) - used, or neat, straight out of the bottle.

The kits, which have been extensively tested in South Africa, are now available from Dibley, and he hopes they will prove a boon to farmers large and small, to operators of hotel courtesy buses and, as he puts it, small operators like plumbers and electricians.

One of his first kits, which he fitted to an electrician's 280KB diesel bakkie, is performing well. The success of these prototypes led to the formation of a business partnership between Dibley, Stuart Freedman (based in Britain) and Valentine Lefrère, an entrepreneur and venture capitalist. Dibley's vision of the product's potential is broader than the luxury market of campers, converted buses or diesel Winnebagos, if there are such things.

The Full Belly Project, spearheaded by Jock Brondis, an ex-Peace Corps volunteer and light and sounds engineer, is a non-profit organization that designs and delivers simple agricultural machines to people in developing countries around the world. This project teaches people how to build hand-operated machines with common materials.

The peanut industry is not only huge in the Philippines but the reach goes as far as the different corners of the hemisphere, to almost 100 countries, feeding 500 million people and making it a great source of protein. It is also a cash crop which provides livelihood for poor people of developing countries.

But for such a big industry, the agricultural technology of peanuts is still trailing behind. People are still shelling peanuts by hand, painfully one by one. In Africa, most of those who do the work are women. (To save on fuel, peanuts are left dried under the sun which makes their shell hard to open.)

Jock Brandis, on his way to visit a friend in Mali, saw the heart of the problem and decided to use his technical skills to provide an agricultural solution. Thus the Universal Nut Sheller was born.

Invented by Brandis, the nut sheller can work 40 times faster than by hand. This coincided with the establishment of The Full Belly project spearheaded by Brondis which aims to “to relieve hunger through appropriate agricultural technology.” The goal of the organization is to distribute these machines around the world and make peanut a number one source of protein of third world countries. Brandis, out of his generous heart, didn´t patent his invention because he believes that it is “a gift to those in need.”

Not only can peanut provide livelihood but it contains highly nutritious properties which could solve worldwide hunger and eventually poverty-this time on a full stomach.

The machine is made of concrete and simple metal parts which only cost 50 dollars to make. It can shell “50 kilograms of peanuts per hour, and one machine can serve the needs of a village of 2,000. Its life expectancy is 25 years.” The Full Belly Project is now working in Uganda, Senegal, Zambia and Ghana. Filipino MIT graduate and Centromigrante head Illac Diaz has also collaborated with Full Belly Project with the help of a local cement company to teach locals how to build the machines.

Ventures in Development is a social enterprise that seeks to elevate the lives of the poor through growing the spirit of entrepreneurship. Venture in Development is currently trying to incubate two ventures, Mei Xiang Cheese Factory and The Shokay Company. The concept is to capitalize on Western China's abundant resource - 13 million yaks.